Delineation of the northern limit of the Congo Craton based on spectral analysis and 2.5D modeling of aeromagnetic data in the Akonolinga-Mbama area,Cameroon     

《Geofísica Internacional》2014,53(1):5-16

Aeromagnetic data of the Akonolinga-Mbama region are analyzed in order to elucidate the subsurface geology of the area. The available data in the form of a residual aeromagnetic map is interpreted as a vast magnetically quiet region, and complex zones which do not correlate with the surface geology of the region.Within the magnetically quiet zone, a high negative circular elongated anomaly zone seems to represent an intrusion of a plutonic rock into the metamorphic formations of the region. Spectral analysis and two-and-a-half dimensional (2½-D) modeling are used to estimate the depth of the causative bodies and determine the source rocks along three profiles crossing the suspected areas. Models from various zones of granitic intrusions are obtained, thereby proposing some shallow fault lines along zones of contact. This permits us to mark out the northern margin of the Congo Craton, thus enabling us to distinguish the cratonic formations from the Pan African fold belt. Part of the belt has been thrust over the northern portion of the Congo Craton in Cameroon.  相似文献   

不同气候情景下华北平原蒸发与径流时空变化分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

莫兴国  孟德娟  刘苏峡  林忠辉  夏军 《气候变化研究进展》2012,8(6):409-416

基于中国气象局国家气候中心生成的IPCC第四次评估报告中23种气候模式的情景集成数据,采用Schreiber公式和Thornthwaite方法计算实际蒸发和径流,分析了2001-2060年SRES A1B、A2和 B1这3种情景下,华北平原气温、降水、蒸发与径流的时空变化。结果表明：未来华北平原气温呈升高趋势,且冬半年升温幅度大于夏半年;降水亦呈增加趋势,而冬半年降水增加幅度小于夏半年;与此相应,华北平原蒸发和年径流呈增加趋势,增幅和空间差异随时间推移而增大,到2041-2060年蒸发将上升7.1%～9.4%,径流将增加8.7%～10.7%。  相似文献   

广东汛期蒸发皿蒸发量变化趋势及气象影响因子的通径分析     

范伶俐  杨柳嫦  李惠清  丁钰琳  温精敏  杨云娜 《广东海洋大学学报》2010,30(4)

选取广东省86个气象观测站的观测资料,采用气候趋势分析和通径分析方法,对广东省1961～2003年小型蒸发皿蒸发量及其相关气象影响因子进行了分析。结果表明:虽然汛期广东省整体平均蒸发量呈下降趋势,前汛期、后汛期线性倾向率分别为-15.86 mm/10a和-13.79 mm/10a;但变化趋势在广东省内空间分布并不均匀,前汛期、后汛期粤东、中部部分地区分别有16、12个站呈上升趋势;前汛期6种气象因子单独对蒸发的决定程度按大小依次为:日照时数>气温>风速>降水>饱和差>气温日较差,后汛期6种气象因子单独对蒸发的决定程度按大小依次为:日照时数>降水>饱和差>风速>气温>气温日较差,整个汛期日照时数与其它各要素的协同作用对蒸发皿蒸发量的决定作用都很大。日照时数和风速总体上的下降是导致广东省汛期蒸发皿蒸发量逐年减少的重要原因。  相似文献   

1960 年以来新疆地区蒸发皿蒸发与实际蒸发之间的关系   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘波  马柱国  冯锦明  魏荣庆 《地理学报》2008,63(11):1131-1139

利用中国新疆地区1960-2005 年109 个设有蒸发皿蒸发观测的常规气象站资料, 并结 合不同驱动场和不同陆面模式的模拟结果, 对蒸发皿蒸发及模拟的实际蒸发的年、各个季节 的变化及其它们的相互联系进行了详细的分析和讨论。结果发现, 在过去的46 年里, 年蒸发 皿蒸发总体上都表现为明显的下降趋势, 而实际蒸发在总体上显著上升, 与蒸发皿蒸发的变 化趋势相反。在80 年代中后期, 蒸发皿蒸发、实际蒸发和降水的转折点(1986 年) 一致, 进 一步说就是无论在转折点的前后, 降水增加的转折性变化与模拟的实际蒸发的转折性增加变 化一致, 而与蒸发皿蒸发减小的转折性变化相反, 这表明, 在新疆地区, 蒸发皿蒸发和实际 蒸散之间具有相反的变化关系, 这支持Brutsaert and Parlange 提出的蒸发皿蒸发和实际蒸散 之间具有互补相关关系(变化趋势相反) 的理论。分析气温、降水、湿度、云量和日照时数等 环境变量的变化趋势发现： 降水、云量等表征大气中水分特征的变量表现为明显的上升趋势, 这也间接的证明了蒸发皿蒸发和实际蒸散之间存在相反的关系, 而与各个环境变量之间相关 系数的分析则表明, 气温日较差、风速、低云量和降水是与蒸发皿蒸发和实际蒸发关系最紧 密的环境因子, 它们的变化可能是导致蒸发皿蒸发和蒸散量变化的原因。  相似文献   

沙坡头人工植被区微生物结皮对地表蒸发影响的试验研究   总被引：37，自引：16，他引：21  

刘立超  李守中  宋耀选  张志山  李新荣 《中国沙漠》2005,25(2):191-195

微生物结皮是干旱半干旱地区生态系统的重要组成部分,其生态水文过程受到了广泛关注,但对微生物结皮在地表蒸发过程中的作用存在较大的争议。笔者利用微型Lysimeter对沙坡头地区几种典型微生物结皮和流沙地表的蒸发过程进行了试验观测,并与水面蒸发进行了对比分析。结果表明,结皮和流沙地表的蒸发速率随时间的变化趋势基本相同,但在不同的蒸发阶段具有各自不同的特点,总的说来,发育良好的苔藓结皮导致相对较少的无效降水,但在更长的时间维持较高的蒸发速率;流沙和初步发育的降尘结皮导致了较多的无效降水,但由于降水的入渗深度相对较深,需要更长的时间完成蒸发过程。  相似文献   

水体蒸发过程中稳定同位素分馏的模拟   总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13  

章新平  姚檀栋  田立德 《冰川冻土》2003,25(1):65-71

通过对非平衡条件下水体蒸发中稳定同位素分馏机制的分析, 模拟了蒸发水体中稳定同位素比率的变化及与温度、大气湿度的关系. 在瑞利模式中, 剩余水中的稳定同位素随剩余水比例f的减小不断富集, 富集的速率与温度呈反比. 在动力蒸发条件下, 稳定同位素的分馏不仅与相变温度有关, 而且受大气湿度和液-气相之间物质交换的影响. 在动力蒸发过程中, 相对湿度越小, 剩余水中稳定同位素比率随 f的变化越快. 当相对湿度较大时, 在经历了一段时间蒸发后的剩余水中的δ将不随 f变化. 蒸发水体达到稳定状态的速率主要取决于大气的相对湿度. 当温度约20℃时, 在瑞利平衡条件下模拟的蒸发线与全球大气水线较接近. 在非平衡蒸发条件下, 蒸发线的梯度项和常数项与温度和相对湿度呈正比.  相似文献   

黄土高原西部土壤蒸发实验研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

钟芳  李正平  宋耀选  肖洪浪 《中国沙漠》2006,26(4):608-611

对兰州南北两山绿化区内的土壤蒸发状况,进行比较系统的试验研究。试验采用扰动土土柱内储存水分和人工模拟降雨的方法,对不覆盖/覆玉米秸秆/覆卵石三种处理的土壤蒸发情况进行了分析研究。结果表明,覆盖可有效地抑制土壤蒸发;不覆盖处理的土壤蒸发与土壤水分呈正相关,土壤水分越大,土壤表层保持湿润时间越长,蒸发量越大。在33 d的试验观测期内,三种处理的蒸发动态不同,覆盖处理的土壤蒸发过程没有集中的蒸发高峰期,而不覆盖处理的土壤蒸发过程主要集中在前10 d。土壤累计蒸发量与蒸发时间的回归分析说明,同一时间内各处理的累计蒸发量存在显著差异。  相似文献   

1961－2000年新疆阿拉尔垦区蒸发量的变化特征   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

王建勋  胡云喜  朱建雯 《气象与环境学报》2008,24(5):29-31

利用1961－2000年阿拉尔气象站逐日蒸发皿蒸发量资料,揭示了该区域蒸发量年内、季节和年际变化特征及其趋势。结果表明：近40 a新疆阿拉尔垦区蒸发量总体呈减少趋势,其倾向率为-78.68 mm/10 a,逐月蒸发量均有不同程度减少的趋势,温暖时期蒸发量减少比寒冷时期更加明显。  相似文献   

Evaporation and energy balance of a wet grassland at Tadham Moor on the Somerset Levels     

R. J. Harding  C. R. Lloyd 《水文研究》2008,22(13):2346-2357

Wet grasslands are important both for their conservation value and for their important hydrological function. Evaporation is an important component of the water balance of a wetland. Where water is limited rainfall and/or surface (or sub‐surface) inflows are required to balance the summer evaporation and thus become a significant factor in the maintenance and environmental health of a wetland. This study presents an almost complete year of measurements of the water and energy balance of a wet grassland in the Somerset Levels in southwest England. The majority of the radiant energy at this site goes into evaporation. There is a strong seasonality of the controls on evaporation; the roughness length varies by a factor of 10 between winter and summer. The surface resistance to evaporation is low, close to zero, during the winter when the water table is at, or just below the surface. In the summer the water table drops to 80 cm below the surface; there is no sign of soil water stress on the evaporation but a clear effect of the senescence of grass during seed head production and of the subsequent harvest. There is clear evidence that water for evaporation is provided by the drainage ditches through sub‐surface flow. Standard evaporation formulae—such as the Penman‐Monteith equation with constant and standard parameters—provide a reasonable simulation of the total evaporation at this site, although they miss some of the seasonal detail. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Long‐term trend analysis for major climate variables in the Yellow River basin*     

Z. X. Xu  J. Y. Li  C. M. Liu 《水文研究》2007,21(14):1935-1948

Some previous studies have shown that drying‐up of the lower Yellow River resulted from decreasing precipitation and excessive industrial and agricultural consumption of water from the middle and downstream regions of the Yellow River. On the basis of average air temperature, precipitation, and pan evaporation data from nearly 80 gauging stations in the Yellow River basin, the monotonic trends of major climate variables over the past several decades are analysed. The analysis was mainly made for 12 months and the annual means. The isograms for annual and typical months are given in the paper. The result shows that the average temperature in the study area exhibits an increasing trend, mainly because of the increase of temperature in December, January and February. The largest trend is shown in December and the smallest is in August. There are 65 of 77 stations exhibiting a downward trend for annual precipitation. In all seasons except summer, there is a similar trend in the upstream region of the Yellow River, south of latitude 35°N. It is interesting to note that the pan evaporation has decreased in most areas of the Yellow River basin during the past several decades. April and July showed the greatest magnitude of slope, and the area from Sanmenxia to Huayuankou as well as the Yiluo River basin exhibited the strongest declining trend. The conclusion is that the decreasing pan evaporation results from complex changes of air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed, and both climate change and human activities have affected the flow regime of the Yellow River during the past several decades. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献